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Discernment depends on data. Learn more about controversial and cultic movements challenging Christians on mission fields around the world.


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A
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Agni-Yoga
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Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
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Alamo Christian Ministries
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Aleph
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All-Russia Social Movement for Nationhood and Spiritual Renewal of the Holy Rus’
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Alliance Universelle
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Amended Christadelphians
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Ananda Marga
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Anastasia
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Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC)
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Ancient Hungarian Church
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Ancient Hungarian Taltos Church
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Anthroposophical Society
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Asociación Evangélica de la Misión Israelita del Nuevo Pacto Universal
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Associação Palas Athena
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Associated Bible Students
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Association for Research and Enlightenment
B
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Bahá’í Faith
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Bektashi Order
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Believers International
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BibelCenter
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Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University
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Brotherhood of the Cross and Star
C
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Candomblé
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Cao Dai
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Celestial Church of Christ
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Christ Gospel Churches International
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Christadelphian Bible Mission
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Christian Advent Community
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Christian Research and Fellowship
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Christian Science
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Church of Almighty God (Eastern Lightning)
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Church of God (Restoration)
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Church of God General Conference
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Church of God International
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Church of God, an International Community
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Church of God-PKG
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Church of Isa Masiya
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Church of Perfect Liberty
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Church of Scientology
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Church of St. John the Theologian
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Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness
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Church of World Messianity
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Church Universal and Triumphant
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Cloverdale Bibleway
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Community of Christ (RLDS)
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Community of the Hungarian Religion
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Creciendo en Gracia
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Cultura Racional
D
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David Oyedepo Ministries International (Winners Chapel)
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DEIR
E
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Ecclesia Traditionis Metaphysicae
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Eckankar
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Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations
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Established King
F
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Faith Congregation
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Faith of Unity
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Falun Gong
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Family International
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Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)
G
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General Church of the New Jerusalem
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Gnostic Institute of Anthropology
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Good News Mission (Ock Soo Park)
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Grail Message
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Great White Brotherhood
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Grigori Grabovoy
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Gurdjieff Foundation
H
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Happy Science
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Hare Krishna
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Headstone Prophetic Ministry International
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Humanity in Unity
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Hungarian Brahmana Mission
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Hungarian Witches’ Federation
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Hurtak Szeminárium
I
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Iglesia Congregación Mita
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Iglesia La Voz de la Piedra Angular
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Iglesia ni Cristo (1914)
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Igreja Apostólica da Santa Vó Rosa
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Igreja Messiânica do Brasil
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Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research
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Integral Yoga (Sri Chinmoy)
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International Churches of Christ
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Invitation à la Vie
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Ivanovtsy
J
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Jehovah’s Witnesses
K
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Kabbalah Centre
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Kardecism
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Keltic Wiccan Traditionalist Church
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Kimbanguism
L
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Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam
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Last Testament Church
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Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement
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Lectorium Rosicrucianum
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Legio Maria
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Living Church of God
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Living Hope International Ministries
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Living Stream Ministry
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Luz del Mundo
M
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Maná — Igreja Cristã
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Manmin Central Church
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María Lionza
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Mata Amritanandamayi Math
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Members Church of God International
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Ministry of Repentance & Holiness (Owuor)
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Misión Carismática Internacional (G12)
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Mokichi Okada International Association
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Mormonism (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
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Mungiki
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Mutundwe Christian Fellowship
N
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Nation of Islam
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New Acropolis
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New Apostolic Church
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New Testament Church
O
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Olga Guz
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Ordre des Chevaliers du Lotus d’Or
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Orthodox Church of Mother of God Derzhavnaya
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Osho (Rajneesh)
P
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Palas Athena
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Palo Mayombe
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Pantholocatholic Traditionalist Church
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Pastoral Bible Institute
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Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch)
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Phaneroo Ministries International
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Philadelphia Church of God
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Por un Mundo Mejor
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Prem Rawat Foundation
Q
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Quimbanda
R
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Racionalismo Cristão
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Radasteya (Institute of Rhythmology)
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Raëlian Church
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Rastafarianism
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Restored Church of God
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Rosicrucian Fellowship
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RUNVira
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Rushel’ Blavo
S
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Sahaja Yoga
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Sathya Sai Baba
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Sathya Sai Baba Társaság, Mo-i
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Science of Identity Foundation (SIF)
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Seicho-No-Ie
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Sekai Kyusei Kyo Izunome (SKKI)
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Sekai Mahikari Bunmei Kyodan
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Self-Realization Fellowship
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Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement
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Seventh-day Adventist Church
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Shango
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Shincheonji Church of Jesus, the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony
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Shinji Shumeikai
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Siloismo
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Silva Method
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Sinton
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Smiths Venner
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Sociedade Brasileira de Eubiose
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Soka Gakkai International
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Spirit & Truth Fellowship International
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Spiritual Baptists (Shouters)
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Sserulanda Spiritual Foundation
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Subud
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Sufism Reoriented
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Sukyo Mahikari
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Suprema Orden del Acuarius
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Supreme Master Ching Hai
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Synagogue Church of All Nations
T
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The Way International
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Theosophical Society
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Three Ranks of Servants
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Tradition Family Property (TFP)
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Transcendental Meditation
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True Faith Jehovah’s Witnesses Association
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True Jesus Church
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Tvind
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Twelve Tribes
U
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Umbanda
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Unamended Christadelphians
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Unification Church
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Union of the Believers of the Ukrainian Native Faith
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United Centers for Spiritual Living
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United Church of God
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United Pentecostal Church International
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Unity School of Christianity
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Universal Apostles Fellowship Church of Righteousness (UAFCR)
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Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
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Universal Pentecostal Church
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Universal White Brotherhood
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Universelles Leben
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Urantia Association International
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Urantia Book Fellowship
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Urantia Foundation
V
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Voice of God Recordings (Branham)
W
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White Eagle Lodge
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White Lotus
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Wilderness Narrow Door
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World Mission Society Church of God
Z
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Zhong Gong


"Pope" Raphael Titus Otieno

Legio Maria


Legio Maria


Maria Legio


"Pope" Simeo Melchior Ondetto (aka "Baba Messiah"), Gaudencia Aoko


"Pope" Raphael Titus Otieno


western Kenya (1962-63)


Got Kwer, Kenya


According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, "It arose in Kenya from a heavenly visit experienced in 1962 by a Luo farmer and Roman Catholic catechist, Simeon Ondeto." According to one summary, "it worships a black messiah, claiming that its founder, Simeo Ondeto, was Jesus Christ reincarnated in African skin." According to another description, "Among Legio Maria members, central importance is given to the need to control the world of the spirits through possession, exorcism, healing, and the actual use of mediums, who are mainly lay people and members of the movement."


Often described as the largest African independent church with Roman Catholic origins. Members are said to abstain from dancing and from consuming pork, certain leafy vegetables, alcohol, and drugs. Polygamy is permitted.


three million


Burundi, Congo (Democratic Republic), Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda


English, Luo, Swahili


www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ajet/10-1_010.pdf
philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sub/legio.html
www.yale.edu/macmillan/fif/publications/Kustenbauder.pdf


www.cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/12/02/western-kenya-growing-sect-confuses-local-catholics
www.nation.co.ke/news/By-the-River-Nzoia-members-celebrated-sect-founder/-/1056/3055624/-/10p3bz/-/index.html
allafrica.com/stories/200707160953.html
www.mashada.com/forums/religion-philosophy/31164-black-messiah.html
www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/641240/-/um4w7g/-/
www.nation.co.ke/counties/migori/Legio-Maria-pope-Ongombe-dies-in-Migori/1183306-5522436-aaddofz/index.html


lejionmaria.blogspot.co.ke/